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SAN DIEGO (AP) ? A U.S. Navy amphibious assault ship and a refueling tanker collided in the Pacific Ocean on Wednesday, but there were no injuries and no fuel spills, the 3rd Fleet said.

The collision between the assault ship USS Essex and the oiler USNS Yukon occurred at midmorning about 120 miles off Southern California, according to a statement.

The Essex was approaching the Yukon to get in position to be refueled when a steering malfunction occurred, and the two ships collided, said Cmdr. Charlie Brown, a fleet spokesman.

Both ships reported some damage, Brown said. He gave no further details.

The fleet statement said neither ship's fuel tanks or systems were compromised, but a full assessment of any damage was continuing.

The Essex, an 844-foot-long vessel that resembles a small aircraft carrier, is due to return to San Diego on Thursday after 12 years based in Sasebo, Japan, as command ship for the Navy's Expeditionary Strike Group 7. It has a crew of about 1,200.

The Yukon is a 677-foot tanker that replenishes oil for other Navy ships in the Pacific fleet. It was launched in 1993, and all but three of its 92 crew members are civilians, according to the Navy's website.

Navy ships routinely refuel at sea while under way.

___

Associated Press writers Andrew Dalton and John Antczak in Los Angeles contributed to this report.

Associated Press

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CNBC's Brian Sullivan and Amanda Drury break down which major headlines they will discuss in an hour of "Street Signs," including anger at JPMorgan's annual shareholder meeting and a disaster for the coal industry.

Related Links:

Business & financial news headlines from msnbc.com

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Question by Catherine O : How should handle his or independent contractor on her taxes ?
The employer does not withhold federal tax, medicare, or social security. Should the contractor pay taxes quarterly, or just wait until the end of the year? Is this how people fall into debt with the IRS? Thank you for you help.In addition, the independent contracter makes about $ 12 an hour, and is paid about $ 500 every tuesday Best answer:

Answer by Judy
file quarterly using form 1040ES. If you just wait until the end of the year you will very likely be subject to penalties for under withholding.

know better? Leave your own answer in the comments!

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You just started your own business and you?re creating a small business marketing plan. You may already have created a great product. At least you think it?s a great product. But, is there a customer base for it? Or, is your product name effective? Do you know what your target market?s ?wants? are?

Marketing studies are showing that in order to sell effectively, you need to know what?s motivating your potential customer to make the choices he does. This means you need to know what your potential customer wants.
???
People buy what they need, want, or desire. But, ?when push comes to shove,? people buy what they want, rather than what they need.

So, you need to determine what it is your potential customer wants and craft your small business marketing strategy around that.

Suppose you?re selling a book on ?alternative health.?

Many people may know they should look into alternative health options, maybe find an acupuncturist or naturopathic doctor, but if you don?t promote your product to their ?want? it won?t motivate the prospect to buy.?

So, what does it mean to promote to a customer?s want, rather than his need.

Well, instead of promoting your alternative health book by explaining that Western medicine may not meet their health needs and that it?s important to address the underlying causes, rather than just the symptoms of illnesses, tell the potential customer that alternative options will allow him to regain his health and vitality. Tell him how this product will actually alleviate his problem. Do you see the difference?

Please be aware though that the above example is just that, an example. In your small business marketing you must always be honest and never, ever make guarantees in regard to someone?s health. Your product or service must be of value and it must fulfill your marketing claims.

As the example demonstrates, people buy based on feelings: Will the product or service make me feel, look, or smell better? Will it help me learn something, or earn more money? Will it get rid of my pain?? Will it make me a better golfer? And, it?s your job to answer the relevant questions effectively.

Watch just about any TV commercial. The marketers are selling an image. They?re selling to the viewer?s wants. Think of clothing commercials. Some don?t even have words; you simple watch a beautiful or handsome model wearing the product. You want to look like the model in those clothes, whether consciously or subconsciously. This motivates you to buy those clothes. The ad is addressing a ?want.?

Just as a chef prepares a meal for both the taste and visual appeal of a dish, so must a marketer present his product or service in a manner that will be appealing on all fronts to the target market.

Your small business marketing must address your potential customer?s ?what?s in it for me? (WIIFM) question appealingly and effectively.

If you need help attracting customer's to your site, check out:

How to Attract Customers With Informational Marketing
http://karencioffifreelancewriter.com/books-on-marketing/attract-customers-wi...?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
More Marketing Articles

Small Business Marketing ? Know What Consumers Buy
Book Marketing ? Create a Blog
How to Create an Ebook ? 5 Simple Steps

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To keep up with writing and marketing information, along with Free webinars - signup for A Writer's World Newsletter on the right top sidebar!

Until next time,

Karen Cioffi
Multi-award Winning Author, Freelance/Ghostwriter, Editor, Marketer

Find Karen?s eBooks on writing and marketing at:
http://karencioffifreelancewriter.com

Karen Cioffi Writing Services - A Team of Professionals Writing 4 U
For Businesses and Individuals
http://karencioffifreelancewriter.com/karen-cioffi-writing-services/

===

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As if falling to 6-16 with a loss to the Angels wasn?t bad enough for the Twins tonight, Justin Morneau exited the game with soreness in his surgically repaired left wrist.

Even worse, Rhett Bollinger of MLB.com reports that Morneau is flying back to Minnesota to be examined by a team doctor, which isn?t a good sign considering the Twins are just beginning a six-game West Coast road trip that goes through Sunday.

Morneau has played 20 of 22 games after entering the season as a huge question mark following his concussion-related health problems and multiple surgeries. His production has been very inconsistent, including a .239 batting average and .313 on-base percentage, but he has shown good power with four homers and five doubles in 74 at-bats.

And now the Twins will wait to see if the former MVP has a third straight season ruined by injuries.

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Public release date: 30-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Patrick Lynch
Patrick.lynch@nasa.gov
301-286-3854
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

A Texas region containing four of the world's largest wind farms showed an increase in land surface temperature over nine years that researchers have connected to local meteorological effects of the turbines.

The land surface temperature around the west-central Texas wind farms warmed at a rate of .72 degrees Celsius per decade during the study period relative to nearby regions without wind farms, an effect most likely caused by the turbulence in turbine wakes acting like fans to pull down warmer air from higher altitudes at night, said lead author Liming Zhou at the University of Albany, State University of New York.

The results were published in the April 29 issue of Nature Climate Change. Zhou and colleagues studied land surface temperature data ranging from 2003 to 2011, from the MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites.

Land surface temperature measures the temperature of the Earth's surface itself, as opposed to the air temperature readings used in daily weather reports. Across a broad landscape, land surface temperature depends closely on the land cover type and nature of the surface. In specific locations, land surface temperature varies widely from day to night while air temperature varies within a smaller range.

The warming observed by MODIS mostly occurred at night. In the Texas region studied, the land surface temperature after sunset typically cools faster than the air temperature. But as the wind turbines continued to turn, the movement brought warmer air to the surface and thus created a warming effect compared to non-wind farm regions. The researchers expected to see the reverse during the day a slight cooling effect but the data instead showed a small warming or negligible effect in daytime.

The warming estimate applies specifically to this particular region, and covers a time when wind farms were expanding rapidly, Zhou said. The estimate should not be considered directly applicable for other regions and landscapes, nor should it be extrapolated over a longer period of time, as the warming would likely plateau rather than continue to increase if no new wind turbines are added. The warming is also considered a local effect, not one that would contribute to a larger global trend.

"This is a first step in exploring the potential of satellite data to quantify the possible impacts of big wind farms on weather and climate," said Chris Thorncroft, a coauthor of the study and chair of the Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences department at University at Albany, State University of New York. "We are now expanding this approach to other wind farms and building models to understand the physical processes and mechanisms driving the interactions of wind turbines and the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface."

The U.S. wind industry has installed a total of 46,919 megawatts of capacity through the end of 2011 representing more than 20 percent of the world's installed wind power and about 2.9 percent of all U.S. electric power and has added more than 35 percent of all new U.S. generating capacity in the past four years, according to the American Wind Energy Association and the Department of Energy. This added capacity during that timeframe is second only to natural gas, and more than nuclear and coal combined.

"Wind power is going to be a part of the solution to the climate change, air pollution and energy security problems," said Somnath Baidya Roy at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, a co-author of the study. "Understanding the impacts of wind farms is critical for developing efficient adaptation and management strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of wind power."

###

The other authors for this research, which was funded by University of Albany, State University of New York and the National Science Foundation, include Yuhong Tian at IMSG at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Lance F. Bosart at the University of Albany, State University of New York, and Yuanlong Hu at Terra-Gen Power LLC, San Diego, Calif.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 30-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Patrick Lynch
Patrick.lynch@nasa.gov
301-286-3854
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

A Texas region containing four of the world's largest wind farms showed an increase in land surface temperature over nine years that researchers have connected to local meteorological effects of the turbines.

The land surface temperature around the west-central Texas wind farms warmed at a rate of .72 degrees Celsius per decade during the study period relative to nearby regions without wind farms, an effect most likely caused by the turbulence in turbine wakes acting like fans to pull down warmer air from higher altitudes at night, said lead author Liming Zhou at the University of Albany, State University of New York.

The results were published in the April 29 issue of Nature Climate Change. Zhou and colleagues studied land surface temperature data ranging from 2003 to 2011, from the MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments on NASA's Aqua and Terra satellites.

Land surface temperature measures the temperature of the Earth's surface itself, as opposed to the air temperature readings used in daily weather reports. Across a broad landscape, land surface temperature depends closely on the land cover type and nature of the surface. In specific locations, land surface temperature varies widely from day to night while air temperature varies within a smaller range.

The warming observed by MODIS mostly occurred at night. In the Texas region studied, the land surface temperature after sunset typically cools faster than the air temperature. But as the wind turbines continued to turn, the movement brought warmer air to the surface and thus created a warming effect compared to non-wind farm regions. The researchers expected to see the reverse during the day a slight cooling effect but the data instead showed a small warming or negligible effect in daytime.

The warming estimate applies specifically to this particular region, and covers a time when wind farms were expanding rapidly, Zhou said. The estimate should not be considered directly applicable for other regions and landscapes, nor should it be extrapolated over a longer period of time, as the warming would likely plateau rather than continue to increase if no new wind turbines are added. The warming is also considered a local effect, not one that would contribute to a larger global trend.

"This is a first step in exploring the potential of satellite data to quantify the possible impacts of big wind farms on weather and climate," said Chris Thorncroft, a coauthor of the study and chair of the Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences department at University at Albany, State University of New York. "We are now expanding this approach to other wind farms and building models to understand the physical processes and mechanisms driving the interactions of wind turbines and the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface."

The U.S. wind industry has installed a total of 46,919 megawatts of capacity through the end of 2011 representing more than 20 percent of the world's installed wind power and about 2.9 percent of all U.S. electric power and has added more than 35 percent of all new U.S. generating capacity in the past four years, according to the American Wind Energy Association and the Department of Energy. This added capacity during that timeframe is second only to natural gas, and more than nuclear and coal combined.

"Wind power is going to be a part of the solution to the climate change, air pollution and energy security problems," said Somnath Baidya Roy at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, a co-author of the study. "Understanding the impacts of wind farms is critical for developing efficient adaptation and management strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of wind power."

###

The other authors for this research, which was funded by University of Albany, State University of New York and the National Science Foundation, include Yuhong Tian at IMSG at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Lance F. Bosart at the University of Albany, State University of New York, and Yuanlong Hu at Terra-Gen Power LLC, San Diego, Calif.

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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